Monday, May 30, 2011

Celeb Cosmetic Surgeries


Michael Jackson was known for his obsession with cosmetic surgeries that brought about drastic changes in his appearance from time to time.
Our Bollywood celebrities are also no less daring when it comes to going under the knife, and quite literally. A lot of actresses have undergone cosmetic surgery and enhance their looks. This is what the actresses looked like before and after their
respective surgeries.

Shilpa Shetty

Shilpa shetty has reportedly has had, not one but two nose jobs done. And we all know that Shilpa Shetty was never so breathtakingly beautiful. Cosmetic surgery changed the course of her looks and, of course, her then sinking career.

Rakhi Sawant

Madam Sawant has had many nips and tucks here and there, and that too, quite often. From silicon implants to nose jobs and lip enhancement, she has done it all. Sadly, the results are anything but positive.

Priyanka Chopra

Ex Miss World, Priyanka Chopra has never spoken about her changed looks.When she entered the industry, she had quite a fat nose which, not very surprisingly, became slimmer.We assume this change was not owing to her slender rise to superstardom and, probably, a cosmetic surgeon should be credited for this.

Kangana Ranaut

The pressure of the growing demands of the industry apparently consumed Kangana too as she went ahead for the enhancements of her ‘assets’. She was also seen with fuller lips in her recent movie which can be attributed to the same.

Shazahn Padamsee

After her very first film, Shazahn sported much poutier lips than she ever had. She apparently wasn’t satisfied with her innocent looking face and opted for a sexier avatar. We here think she looked much better without the dramatic pout.

Koena Mitra

Koena’s was a much public and embarrassing outcome of cosmetic surgery. The process of making her a princess backfired with Koena looking like the evil witch herself. In fact Koena’s beautification surgery gone horribly wrong will probably serve as a deterrent for many who are desirous of going under the knife.

Preity Zinta

Preity has come a long way from the ‘bubbly’ girl that she was. She has, reportedly, undergone a nose job, brow lift and face structuring. Her face is much sleeker now and she looks much graceful now.

Minissha Lamba

Another young victim falling prey to cosmetic surgery is Minissha Lamba. She too seemed to be fed up with her girl next door looks and narrowed down her nose for a sexier look. The action did not bring any positive results for her career as she still has only a few films in her kitty. 

Sunday, May 29, 2011

Staying Cool and Hydrated on Hot Summer Days


stayingcool584.jpgThe summer season is upon us and it's time to think about preventing dehydration and heat-related illness. Did you know that about 318 Americans die every year of heat-related illnesses, according to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC)? The sad fact is that most of these deaths are preventable -- if the victims understood the realities of dehydration and heat-related illness more clearly.

Regular exercise, often done outdoors, is just as important during the hot months of summer as it is during the cooler seasons. Unfortunately outdoor activities often place people at serious risk of dehydration which can lead to other heat-related illnesses including -- heat exhaustion -- heat stroke -- and in severe cases, death. Millions of Americans are at risk for heat-related illnesses; however, the risk is significantly increased for 4 groups of our population. Those most at risk include:

Children: When summer vacation from school arrives, most children spend a great deal of time outdoors being active. Because children have a larger surface area in relation to body mass, they often gain heat faster than adults when the outside air temperature is higher than body temperature.

Athletes and exercisers: People who spend hours training and competing in the hot summer sun often do not have an adequate intake of fluids to make up for the loss of fluids caused by their activities.

Outdoor workers: Workers such as landscapers, construction crews, police officers, postal employees, and others who spend most of their days in the heat often have little time for bathroom breaks or for drinking fluids, as a result these workers may not consume enough fluids during their workdays.

Elderly people: There is a fine line between how heat affects most adults and how is can affect the elderly in a more profound way. It's is extremely important for senior citizens to practice a gradual acclimatization to heat that puts emphasis on hydration.

Is Your Body Acclimatized to Heat?

How many of you think, "I'm used to the heat; it doesn't affect me?" That statement may seem common sense; however, nothing could be further from the truth when it comes to heat-related illness and dehydration.
According to Dr. Noel D. Nequin, president of the American Medical Athletic Association, "Being 'used to' the heat or 'acclimatized' is necessary for the body to perform in hot, humid conditions without overheating. But acclimatization increases your need for fluid to match the increase in sweat rate, which puts you at higher risk for dehydration and heat illness."

How does one acclimatize their body to heat? It takes about 10 to 14 days of working or exercising in the heat for your body to adjust or become acclimatized. You should cut down on the intensity of your exercise or activity during these first days. Once your body is heat acclimatized, the amount of sweat you produce, and other total body fluid losses, increases because you sweat sooner and more than before you became acclimatized.

The good news about summer heat is that staying healthy is as easy as becoming educated about your body's need for fluids, and the signs and symptoms of dehydration which can lead to heat-related illnesses such as heat stroke and heat exhaustion.

Drinking for Hydration

The best time to consume fluids is before you are thirsty -- by the time you are thirsty, your body is already dehydrated. It's best to drink on a schedule when it is hot outside. Avoid drinks containing caffeine or alcohol while in the sun or heat. These types of drinks stimulate the production of urine thereby promoting dehydration. The best drinks are water, or one of the many flavored sports drinks that are on the market.
According to Dr. Nequin, "Research clearly shows that a properly formulated sports drink like Gatorade combines flavor and sodium to encourage people to drink more than they would when they only have access to water. Sports drinks help to replace some of the electrolytes you lose through sweat and provide carbohydrate energy to working muscles."
Adults need 17 to 20 ounces of fluid before beginning activity, as well as an additional 7 to 10 ounces every 10 to 20 minutes during activity. Your fluid needs don't stop when your activity is over -- you should consume 24 ounces of fluid within the first two hours after outdoor activity.
Children need 4 to 8 ounces of fluid before beginning outdoor activities and 5 to 9 ounces every 20 minutes while they are outside. Once kids return from outside play or activity, they also need to consume 24 ounces of fluids within the first two hours after they stopped their activities.

Did you know? One adult-size gulp of fluid equals one ounce of fluid, and one child-size gulp of fluid equals one-half ounce of fluid.
Signs and Symptoms of Dehydration

Dry lips and tongue.
Headache.
Weakness, dizziness, or extreme fatigue.
Concentrated urine that appears darker than normal.
Nausea.
Muscle cramps.
More Hot Weather Tips

While pouring water over your head might feel good; it does not have any affect on your core body temperature -- make sure you put plenty of water and other fluids into your body.
Always wear light-colored and loose-fitting clothing.
Whenever you get a chance, take a break in the shade. It's important to remember that anytime a person who has been exposed to heat becomes disoriented or unconscious, immediate medical attention for that person must be sought.
Source: The American Medical Athletic Association

Success Principles-7 Universal Principles from Successful People


Success isn’t reserved for a privilege few. It results from cultivating certain positive habits and following through consistently.
Every single person has the capability to be successful in every area of his or her life. Successful people adopts a certain personality profile. They think, talk and act in certain particular ways. All of which can be condensed into 7 success principles.
success-principles

Think Positively for good health


Maintenance of Health through the role of positive thinking presented at National Seminar on the positive prospects for health and behavior of the Department of Psychology, MD University, Rohtak, February 1 and 2, 2008. FAIM M. A. Ansari (Researcher) Asiya Aijaz (Narrator) Department of Psychology at the Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh Health: psychological resources such as hope, optimism, personal control, subjective sense of meaning and well known, a practice protected health influences . The Greek physician Hippocrates expect that positive emotions and health outcomes can be connected by different means. In developed countries and developing countries, health is seen as the most valuable asset for a good quality of life, especially in recent years. Good health is the key moderator of the citizens to contribute to society. Smith (1990) said: “In the past, good health means the absence of disease.” Today, the definition of health is the high-level wellness, beyond the absence of disease to a potential maximum over the body, mind and spirit. High level of welfare is the integration of the health component, ie, emotional, physical, social, mental and spiritual. The common origin of the long-term health “hoelth” an English word that means the security forces, sound and all (Mick, 1973). There are no contemporary meaning of the term. Oriented definition of health care in line with the theme of health is a subjective phenomenon, is the operation, which was proposed by Lynn. Lynn, 1990 defines health as a subjective representation of the composite score, a person’s somatic self-esteem (as a feeling), and functional capacity (as is). As such, health in the subjective assessment, said that health or illness occurs. These subjective experiences are dynamic and are a consequence of the person and environment interactions. While one person to evaluate how he / she is feeling and doing to some extent, the person may have on health. The World Health Organization (WHO, 1948) defines health as “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and absence not only of disease or infirmity.” So who has the World Health Organization (WHO) made it very clear that the absence of disease is sufficient for health. This underlines the definition of positive and negative dimensions of health. Negative health or disease has a subjective component of the concept of diseases and conditions, and an objective component of the expression expression in the concept of illness, injury, disability or deformity. Positive effect on health has two components: wellness and fitness. This condition requires an appropriate balance of physical, psychological, social ingredients. Health can be used as objective physical components, where, how, being able to provide psychosocial components of health are considered positive. Lau (1995) found that in healthy young adults invited to participate in their own words, “what it means to be healthy to describe you?” their views on health can be understood in the following dimensions: – Ø Physiological/Physical- good condition, with energy. Ø pathological happy, energetic, feel good psychologically. Or behavior-eat and sleep well. Average future consequence live longer. Ø The lack of, for example, sickness, disease and symptoms. Kasl and Cobb (1966) argues that health behaviors believe that any action by a person who undertakes, with the aim of preventing or detecting disease which remains asymptomatic healthy. Therefore, a positive result can prevent most of the activities of health and in disease, identify diseases and disabilities will be set early, promote and improve health, or protection from injury. Thus, “good for health as an individual activity that increases with frequency or intensity of ensuring that health and disease reduced” As we all know that health is a gift from God to be defined, but not in healthy enough to maintain but also equally important. For this reason, should also include healthy lifestyle and positive thinking. TAKE an exercise healthy lifestyle regularly. Physical activity plays an important role in reducing and preventing the effects of stress. Make time for exercise at least 30 minutes three times a week. Nothing beats aerobic exercise for releasing accumulated stress and tension. Eat a healthy diet. Well-nourished bodies are better prepared to deal with stress is by what you eat consciously. Start your day with breakfast, and keep your energy and clear mind, with a nutritious and balanced during the day. Reduce caffeine and sugar. The temporary “highs” caffeine and sugar, often seen ends with a crash in mood and energy. By reducing the amount of coffee, soft drinks, chocolate, sugar and snacks in your diet, you will feel relaxed and you can sleep better. Avoid alcohol, cigarettes and drugs. Self-medication with alcohol or drugs may provide an easy escape from stress, but relief is only temporary. Fear not, or mask the issue at hand, with problems in the head and with a clear mind. Get enough sleep. Fuels adequate sleep your mind and body. Fatigue increases stress because you think it is irrational. The positive aspect of health is reflected in the Arab proverb, “A man who is healthy, is optimistic, and has an optimistic view, everything” (Husain, 2005). Positive thinking for good health: Happy people are always focusing on significant events and decent life, they have an optimistic view of life. Positive thinking can help achieve peace of mind for better health and for a ceaseless flow of energy. Positive thinking can be a positive effect on people’s health by increasing a person’s intellectual, physical, mental, and social resources. Positive thinking leads to a chance of positive thinking is unhealthy. By practicing positive thinking can be positive emotions, feelings, and positive mental attitude, improve quality of life of people and improve your body heal from disease and stress a. To increase by Frederickson (2001) Positive emotions of people in physical, cognitive and social, which in turn will help you cope better with stressful experiences and live healthier. After noodles and pasta, positive thinking is an effective means of control of bio-energy healing is achieved. Maintaining a positive energy level in their own bio-energy healer reduces stress and emotional strain on the healing and other positive emotions and feelings and a positive mental attitude can improve quality of life and heal your body from diseases and stress. On the other hand, negative emotions and feelings poisonous toxins in the body. Strong negative emotions like anger, malice, envy, jealousy and fear that the endocrine system, accumulate toxins in the blood. Anxiety, depression and doubt, can also lead to blood poisoning. Liabilities and prolonged negative emotions are more dangerous to health than negative emotions of an asset, sudden and momentary. Negative emotions reduce the life span. The treatment of physical symptoms are positive thoughts and statements of people in France a century ago and still has the power) to overcome unwanted states (stress, tension, and unhappiness. Thoughts and feelings create reality, and a touch of color to them. Therefore, the misfortune of a gray world and reality. To change a grayscale world and overcome the feeling of dissatisfaction, anxiety or tension, we must concentrate the mind on positive thoughts healing. When people realize that if it breaks, what will happen to them is rather because negative thoughts come into your unconscious expression. Furthermore, anyone can, psychosomatic disorders (about 70% of all diseases developed, are psychosomatic or) by mental stress. Psychosomatic illnesses may worsen when particular attention. Instead of paying attention to pain or illness, every time, for example if there is a negative thought, which has something like ” It is better I think. “When a request is made in any desired state in the soul, magically, the unconscious wish fulfillment, no, but through mental programming. In addition to helping heal the sick that is a positive, in order to resist the anger and the problems the right decisions and overcome obstacles. not focus on negative events, trying to find a positive outlook. For example, people must understand that they have read and think more about others to find the perfect form of communication. Because thoughts are positive or negative, as reflected in their social or antisocial behaviors. The people must observe and understand the world around them and their inner worlds with positive perceptions. Healers should be “a positive state of mind” prior to beginning the practice of bio-energy healing. healers communicate with other people you energy. “negative” energy can not bring healing, but the damage and is both a healer and a destroyer healee. Healing Power “positive energy” with “a spirit has sent.” His thoughts are in your control, and can be very powerful. Positive thoughts can motivate healthy behaviors such as eating healthy foods and be active. It is really easy. If you think you can take 10,000 steps a day, is more likely to achieve an additional drive to your destination. If you know you can avoid weight gain vacation, you will feel great when they fit a tempting dessert buffet, more comfortable in winter clothes. In making his opinion about something, and share, you can. Positive thinking also helps you achieve and maintain behaviors that limit healthy as always active in sports or sugar intake. Peale (1996) has measured the success of positive thinking, and found that those who think positively, may increase their weight or physical activity to lose these people , are more successful than those with less confidence in themselves. The confidence you will be in implementing a particular behavior, such as self-efficacy and self-efficacy is a key in the successful behavior change. A “power -do “attitude that is needed is implementation of a healthier life. Best of all, his attitude is something you can control. You have the option of having a positive attitude. It is likely that if you choose to think positively, you will feel better and be in a better position in which you lead. HOW admit Stay Positive: Positive thinkers, if they feel frustrated or depressed. Do not ignore it. But do not blame yourself. Instead, seek to understand the negative thoughts and feelings, and against them with more positive ones. So how to keep a positive attitude, maintaining momentum and sustained healthy behaviors? Here are some tips from Peale (1996): – or to locate a good example. There is always someone to do what he wants, seems to do. Maybe they have planned in the course of their work and went from coffee to herbal tea. Learn the success of a friend, relative or coworker. Ask how to stay healthy and follow. Ø Try some positive self talk, and talk in order to avoid refusal. Take a minute to strengthen even an ego. Repeat some motivational words aloud or to himself. negative comments, “I can not,” I’m fat “is dangerous to their welfare and healthy goals. Try to avoid negative self before the injury. Remember that you deserve happiness and can make positive changes. Ø Getting Help . Tell your friends and family about your healthy habits. It helps to have a building network. or reward yourself. Give yourself a pat on the back for their healthy efforts. Enjoy a good swim, a massage and enjoy a new DVD or CD. Or Do you have a plan. A plan for exercise or healthy eating lunch with a friend to make a difference with your goals or falling off the road. If you have planned for a job, it is likely that sticks with him. You may find that the letter also to achieve their goals and actions that can help you stay on track. Take it day by day or week to week. The process of writing is your personal action plan is a good way stay honest and you will see your progress and difficulties. Positive thinking is a mental attitude that comes to mind with words and images that are conducive to growth, growth and success. It’s a mental attitude that expects good results and favorable. A positive mind is far from happiness, joy, health and success of every situation and action, which is the spirit, he says. The power of positive thinking can change and improve their lives. Maintain a positive attitude and unit of behavior for success, healthy living and happiness. Positive thinking is a habit, correct practice. Positive thinking is something that has to do every day as often as possible and, if possible. In practice daily positive thinking creates a mood which is always positive, it will be a state of being positive. Thus, finally, you will find a lot of positive energy, creating a positive situation for you every day . emotions and positive feelings and a positive mental attitude can improve quality of life and heal your body from disease and help restore health. An approach to positive thinking by Martin (1991) is administered in the three C’s: commitment, control and challenge. Commitment: Make a positive commitment to you, education, occupation, family, friends, nature and other useful things. Praise yourself and others, always dreaming of success, be enthusiastic. Control: focus your mind in important things. Setting goals and priorities for what they think and do. Visualize to practice your actions. Develop a strategy to address the problems. Learn to relax. Enjoy successes. Be honest with yourself. Challenge: brave. Change and improve each day. Enter your best and not look back. See learning and change processes as opportunities. To try new things. To consider various options. Meet new people. Ask lots of questions. Keep a record of his mental and physical health. Be optimistic. Martin (1991) has shown that people with these characteristics are winners in good times and survivors in hard times. “… … The people who begin consciously to modify their inner conversations and assumptions report an almost immediate improvement in performance. Their energy increases and things seem to go better … “Commitment, control and challenge of building self-esteem, stress reduction, healthier lives and encourage positive thinking. Mental and emotional expectations can influence the medical results. The effectiveness of medical treatment depends in part on how useful you expect. How do we know that our sense of the inadequacy of resources for us to emphasize the situation, let this situation by maximizing our efforts and positive thinking to overcome, such as “I can do, even with limited resources,” “What if short-term resource, I can handle it.” This thought only be developed through positive thinking. The positive statements are created by positive thinking to cope with negative thoughts. These affirmations neutralize negative thoughts and build your confidence. The positive affirmations provide opportunities to explore the opportunities that are always present to some degree in a difficult situation. Positive thinking helps to resist the anger and problems to overcome obstacles and make the right decisions, emphasizes, and remains healthy. The people must observe and understand the world around them and their inner worlds, with positive perceptions. The spiritual force promotes positive thinking, positive ideas, positive habits, positive attitude, positive efforts. They are the promotion of properties, wisdom, physical and mental wellbeing. Positive emotions, stimulate the nervous system, protects the heart and lowers blood pressure. A realistic assessment of their own borders, the development of autonomy and capacity to effectively to a stressful situation to promote positive thinking to cope. The acceptance of the ability to recognize and manage our emotions play an integral role in our emotional development. Meaning of life is very important for the development of positive thinking. Those who have meaning in their lives, are more likely to develop positive thinking. It was noted that those who emphasize the meaning of their lives with clarity, reduce to a healthy life. To be positive thinking person should be as open to new ideas, activities and new things and develop new innovations, what is more advantageous in their thinking. Positive thinking can be developed through positive self-talk, a healthy attitude for effective fitness programs (healthy food), financial strength, hope, new ideas, accountability, so we can develop positive thinking, acquiring new knowledge through mental health promotion activities that our environment can be enjoyed and productive life can create. Practice positive talk to improve their prospects. If your mood is optimistic in general, is able to handle everyday stress in a constructive way. This ability can be seen in those who contribute to the benefits of positive thinking. Positive thinking negative stress reduction. Because it is very clear that people think positively are more optimistic than people who do not. CONCLUSION: It is very clear from the foregoing that the people who think positively enjoy a better and healthier life. Positive thoughts can motivate healthy behaviors such as eating healthy foods and be active. Positive thinking is the process of creating ideas that generate energy and focus on reality, to bring about the creation of a positive outcome that you, as an advantage for oneself or others. This is a strong poison all of us, but many people are unaware. So we can say that positive developments will be even sweeter when you get it as further proof, and they see themselves as masters of their own destiny. Therefore, we can say , who is normal practice, positive thinking, tend to be more successful, they can live to be less stressful and healthier life. The power of positive thinking can change and improve their lives. Maintain a positive attitude and behavior unit for success, healthy living and happiness.

How to Become a Stronger Woman

Being a strong person means finding inside of you the necessary resources to take the control of your life. You must think positively, shatter all boundaries and face all your fears. The first step you have to make is to regain the confidence that you deserve only good things. Discover all those little gestures that can transform you into a strong, fulfilled and happy woman

The character of a strong woman comprises more than two qualities. For each and every one of us, being strong may symbolize different things such as a successful woman, who is in the top of the professional pyramid, or a woman who experienced a lot of difficulties in her life, but she managed to overcome them. In order to become a stronger woman, you should analyze and be honest with yourself.


Self-confidence. A strong woman is, first of all, a self-confident person. The lack of confidence can spend huge quantities of the energy you could use in order to fulfill your dreams. A person with low self-esteem can not become a strong person. But, luckily, you can remedy this situation. 



One characteristic of those with low self-esteem is emphasizing all their negative memories. Specialists say that this is the trap that intensifies the problem. You just have to control your thoughts and emotions and try to raze anything negative from your memory. 


Experts say that you should mentally erase all the colors in your mind, until everything turns just black and white. Next, think that the image becomes smaller until it ends to be just a small point. It is said that this thing reduces the intensity of any emotion.






Face your fears. Facing your fears is the best way to boost your self-confidence and gain courage. You should shatter all barriers that separate you from other people and keep you from fulfilling your dreams. One way to confront fears is to do every day one thing that really scares you.


Positive selfishness. Sometimes, people tend to accept doing something just because they are embarrassed to say „no”. This type of persons, who are always eager to help, even when their own state is affected, try unconsciously by doing this, to fix certain emotional problems. And women are even more vulnerable in this kind of situations, especially when they become protective with those around them. Some of these women end being used, sometimes without intention, by people around them, such as children, brothers, parents, friends or colleagues. 
Before accepting to help someone, think about how this could affect your life. If you start hearing this too often, it means that something is wrong. You should help others, but think wisely before making any step forward.


Take care of your health. You should take care of you and understand how important it is to nourish the body and your mind with all the elements they need in order to avoid depression, anemia and other diseases.
Choose a healthy diet, that must include fresh fruits and vegetables, whole cereals, diary products, fish, nuts and seeds. Drink at least two liters of water daily, replace coffee with green tea and quit smoking and alcohol.
Exercises are the best way to keep you healthy, fight depression and, on the other hand, they keep you in shape, which makes you feel even more confident. Because, when you feel beautiful, you are stronger.






Beauty. You should always believe in yourself, in your qualities and stop comparing to others. If you want to make some changes, do them for you and not because the society says you are not beautiful enough. 
Try to pass over the standards imposed by the modern society, that keeps promoting the idea of the perfect body.


Take your time. Nowadays, people want everything in the shortest amount of time and, if possible, with less effort from their side. For a strong woman, happiness comes step by step and together with it, the fulfillment of your dreams.



Integrity. Integrity means completeness, honesty and sincerity. There is a close relationship between integrity and getting stronger. If you are 100% sure of your own integrity, it won't be hard to develop your self-esteem. And from here, there is just one small step towards a strong, competent woman.


Strong=single? It is said that men usually tend to feel threatened by strong women. You should know how to assign the tasks in your relationship or marriage, and know how to balance professional life and the sentimental one without losing yourself in none of them. 
Men love strong women, who can have a conversation, but they dislike women who always have to be right. Therefore, strong doesn't have to be synonymous with single, as long as you know when to listen. And don't forget that being strong shouldn't make you forget how to be romantic and have fun

7 Key Steps How Successful People Are Able To Do It


Let’s face it, everyone wants to be successful, but not everyone is successful. I’ll assume that you want to be successful in your life as well because you are here in my blog and you are actually reading this.

So what it takes to be successful? What exactly do you need to do in order to achieve what you want in your life?


Achieving your dreams and your goals are not something easy. It takes a lot of hard work and you definitely need to put in effort to become extraordinary. What a lot of people are looking for is the quick way to success.

There Are No Secrets To Success
Yes, there are no shortcuts or any so-called secrets to success. So do not get disappointed because I am going to show you what you can do that will help you to accomplish what you want in your life. Although there are no secrets to success, there are some steps that if you follow through, you will be able to produce the results you want and eventually achieve all your dreams.

And below are the 7 key steps that can make you successful in your life…

1. Focus On Your Goals

This is a common sense, but how often did you think about your goals? Most people will never think about their goals. Even worse, some do not even know about what they want to accomplish in their lives. If you do not have a goal in your life, how can you tell when you have reached it?

Your goals will guide you in the right direction. Therefore, if you do not know what you want, you will travel and end up getting nowhere. Thus, find out your goals right now. Find out what you want to accomplish in the future. Make sure you focus and think about them all the time. They are the reasons that you wake up in the morning and they are the reasons you are reading this article right now.

2. Take Small Action Each Day

No matter what you do, you must take action so that you will create the results that you want. If you are not acting upon your goals, you will never produce what you want. Even if it is just a small action, do it and do it consistently. Small action can give you huge reward in your life if you persist and do it consistently.

Just like losing weight. It is impossible that you can lose 10 pounds overnight. You have to have the persistent to say no to supper and high calories food, exercise regularly and after some time, you will see the result.

A lot of people fail to accomplish their goals because they are just blowing hot air. They feel motivated and they take action for 3 days, or maybe even just 3 hours. After that, they did not do anything about what they want anymore. This is what leads you into living a mediocre life. So put in the commitment and take small action each day.

3. Think Positive And Believe In Yourself

Did you notice that great people usually think differently? When others see disaster, they see opportunity. They think positively all the time and they believe that they can do it, this is what leads them into taking action and thus, becoming extraordinary in their lives.

There are always opportunities behind adversities. It is just that you are not trained to identify them. From now on, adopt the habit of thinking positively into your life. And believe in yourself that you are able to do it. See yourself as the successful person that you wanted to be. Have the confidence and make sure you take action upon it.

Ray Kroc believes that he can do it, and he eventually made McDonalds one of the top businesses in the world and making tons of money. The same goes for Howard Schultz, the person who grew Starbucks into hundreds of stores. All because they think positively and believe in themselves.

4. Play It Full Out

Are you putting in 100% commitment toward your dreams and your goals? This question makes me feel guilty when I think about it. Even for me, sometimes I will be lazy and are not doing the best. I believe we all have times when we feel superb and can take on the whole world. And sometimes we feel like we just want to take a rest and enjoy.

There is no right or wrong in this. It is just that how committed are you toward the things that you want to achieve in your life? Of course, the more committed you are, the easier and faster you will achieve what you want. Great people always play it full out. They do their best and they are willing to go all out. This is what separates them from the ordinary.

So treat your goals and your dreams seriously. We are talking about building a better future and living a more quality life. Thus, go all out whenever possible.

5. Stay Motivated All The Time

When you are motivated, you will never put things off. You will never procrastinate whenever you feel driven. So what you need to do is to make sure that you are motivated at all time. And the only way to stay motivated is to stay in action. This is the easiest and the fastest way to build up energy and create momentum to get you going.

When you feel like putting things off, just do it and you will create the motivation. Just like if you feel like no motivation to make the call, just pick up the phone and call. If you feel like procrastinating on the task, you just need to get it started. Just do it for 5 minutes and you will build up the drive.

Just try this technique and you will see how powerful and how true it is. This is why you need to always be in action to keep yourself hot.

6. Measure And Track Your Results

How well are you doing and how far are you from your goals? Tracking and measuring yourself from your goals and your dreams is a great way to keep you alert about whether you are making progress. One of the most important principles of success is that you need to be in alignment with what you want in your life.

If you set your goal to make a million dollar a year, but you are just working as a small staff in a small company, you are not in alignment with your goal. You have to think of a way to achieve what you want. When you know what you want, your mind will automatically solve the how. You will know what to do in order to achieve your target.

And measuring your results allow you to stay focused in what you want to achieve as well. When you know where you are, you can better plan for your strategies to achieve your goals.

7. Adopt The Habit Of Consistent Learning

Extraordinary people are always ready to learn. They know that learning can shortcut their journey to achieving what they want. They listen, they read, they learn and they grow each and everyday. Great people read a lot of books. Are you investing at least 30 minutes each day reading books that can improve your life?

I hope you understand the power of reading and learning. I changed, decided that I am the one who is responsible for my own life and that I am the one who is able to create my own destiny from the result of reading books. If this principle works for me, it should have no problem working for you.

Tuesday, May 24, 2011

Albert Einstein Biography


(born March 14, 1879, Ulm, Württemberg, Ger.—died April 18, 1955, Princeton, N.J., U.S.) German-born physicist who developed the special and general theories of relativity and won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921 for his explanation of the photoelectric effect. Einstein is generally considered the most influential physicist of the 20th century.

Education

Einstein's parents were secular, middle-class Jews. His father, Hermann Einstein, was originally a featherbed salesman and later ran an electrochemical factory with moderate success. His mother, the former Pauline Koch, ran the family household. He had one sister, Maja, born two years after Albert.
Einstein would write that two “wonders” deeply affected his early years. The first was his encounter with a compass at age five. He was mystified that invisible forces could deflect the needle. This would lead to a lifelong fascination with invisible forces. The second wonder came at age 12 when he discovered a book of geometry, which he devoured, calling it his “sacred little geometry book.”
Einstein became deeply religious at age 12, even composing several songs in praise of God and chanting religious songs on the way to school. This began to change, however, after he read science books that contradicted his religious beliefs. This challenge to established authority left a deep and lasting impression. At the Luitpold Gymnasium, Einstein often felt out of place and victimized by a Prussian-style educational system that seemed to stifle originality and creativity. One teacher even told him that he would never amount to anything.
Yet another important influence on Einstein was a young medical student, Max Talmud (later Max Talmey), who often had dinner at the Einstein home. Talmud became an informal tutor, introducing Einstein to higher mathematics and philosophy. A pivotal turning point occurred when Einstein was 16. Talmud had earlier introduced him to a children's science series by Aaron Bernstein, Naturwissenschaftliche Volksbucher (1867–68; Popular Books on Physical Science), in which the author imagined riding alongside electricity that was traveling inside a telegraph wire. Einstein then asked himself the question that would dominate his thinking for the next 10 years: What would a light beam look like if you could run alongside it? If light were a wave, then the light beam should appear stationary, like a frozen wave. Even as a child, though, he knew that stationary light waves had never been seen, so there was a paradox. Einstein also wrote his first “scientific paper” at that time (“The Investigation of the State of Aether in Magnetic Fields”).
Einstein's education was disrupted by his father's repeated failures at business. In 1894, after his company failed to get an important contract to electrify the city of Munich, Hermann Einstein moved to Milan, Italy, to work with a relative. Einstein was left at a boarding house in Munich and expected to finish his education. Alone, miserable, and repelled by the looming prospect of military duty when he turned 16, Einstein ran away six months later and landed on the doorstep of his surprised parents. His parents realized the enormous problems that he faced as a school dropout and draft dodger with no employable skills. His prospects did not look promising.

Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences


I  INTRODUCTION
Newton, Sir Isaac (1642-1727), mathematician and physicist, one of the foremost scientific intellects of all time. Born at Woolsthorpe, near Grantham in Lincolnshire, where he attended school, he entered Cambridge University in 1661; he was elected a Fellow of Trinity College in 1667, and Lucasian Professor of Mathematics in 1669. He remained at the university, lecturing in most years, until 1696. Of these Cambridge years, in which Newton was at the height of his creative power, he singled out 1665-1666 (spent largely in Lincolnshire because of plague in Cambridge) as "the prime of my age for invention". During two to three years of intense mental effort he prepared Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy) commonly known as the Principia, although this was not published until 1687.

As a firm opponent of the attempt by King James II to make the universities into Catholic institutions, Newton was elected Member of Parliament for the University of Cambridge to the Convention Parliament of 1689, and sat again in 1701-1702. Meanwhile, in 1696 he had moved to London as Warden of the Royal Mint. He became Master of the Mint in 1699, an office he retained to his death. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London in 1671, and in 1703 he became President, being annually re-elected for the rest of his life. His major work, Opticks, appeared the next year; he was knighted in Cambridge in 1705.

As Newtonian science became increasingly accepted on the Continent, and especially after a general peace was restored in 1714, following the War of the Spanish Succession, Newton became the most highly esteemed natural philosopher in Europe. His last decades were passed in revising his major works, polishing his studies of ancient history, and defending himself against critics, as well as carrying out his official duties. Newton was modest, diffident, and a man of simple tastes. He was angered by criticism or opposition, and harboured resentment; he was harsh towards enemies but generous to friends. In government, and at the Royal Society, he proved an able administrator. He never married and lived modestly, but was buried with great pomp in Westminster Abbey.
Newton has been regarded for almost 300 years as the founding examplar of modern physical science, his achievements in experimental investigation being as innovative as those in mathematical research. With equal, if not greater, energy and originality he also plunged into chemistry, the early history of Western civilization, and theology; among his special studies was an investigation of the form and dimensions, as described in the Bible, of Solomon's Temple in Jerusalem.
II  OPTICS
In 1664, while still a student, Newton read recent work on optics and light by the English physicists Robert Boyle and Robert Hooke; he also studied both the mathematics and the physics of the French philosopher and scientist René Descartes. He investigated the refraction of light by a glass prism; developing over a few years a series of increasingly elaborate, refined, and exact experiments, Newton discovered measurable, mathematical patterns in the phenomenon of colour. He found white light to be a mixture of infinitely varied coloured rays (manifest in the rainbow and the spectrum), each ray definable by the angle through which it is refracted on entering or leaving a given transparent medium. He correlated this notion with his study of the interference colours of thin films (for example, of oil on water, or soap bubbles), using a simple technique of extreme acuity to measure the thickness of such films. He held that light consisted of streams of minute particles. From his experiments he could infer the magnitudes of the transparent "corpuscles" forming the surfaces of bodies, which, according to their dimensions, so interacted with white light as to reflect, selectively, the different observed colours of those surfaces.

The roots of these unconventional ideas were with Newton by about 1668; when first expressed (tersely and partially) in public in 1672 and 1675, they provoked hostile criticism, mainly because colours were thought to be modified forms of homogeneous white light. Doubts, and Newton's rejoinders, were printed in the learned journals. Notably, the scepticism of Christiaan Huygens and the failure of the French physicist Edmé Mariotte to duplicate Newton's refraction experiments in 1681 set scientists on the Continent against him for a generation. The publication of Opticks, largely written by 1692, was delayed by Newton until the critics were dead. The book was still imperfect: the colours of diffraction defeated Newton. Nevertheless, Opticks established itself, from about 1715, as a model of the interweaving of theory with quantitative experimentation.

III  MATHEMATICS
In mathematics too, early brilliance appeared in Newton's student notes. He may have learnt geometry at school, though he always spoke of himself as self-taught; certainly he advanced through studying the writings of his compatriots William Oughtred and John Wallis, and of Descartes and the Dutch school. Newton made contributions to all branches of mathematics then studied, but is especially famous for his solutions to the contemporary problems in analytical geometry of drawing tangents to curves (differentiation) and defining areas bounded by curves (integration). Not only did Newton discover that these problems were inverse to each other, but he discovered general methods of resolving problems of curvature, embraced in his "method of fluxions" and "inverse method of fluxions", respectively equivalent to Leibniz's later differential and integral calculus. Newton used the term "fluxion" (from Latin meaning "flow") because he imagined a quantity "flowing" from one magnitude to another. Fluxions were expressed algebraically, as Leibniz's differentials were, but Newton made extensive use also (especially in the Principia) of analogous geometrical arguments. Late in life, Newton expressed regret for the algebraic style of recent mathematical progress, preferring the geometrical method of the Classical Greeks, which he regarded as clearer and more rigorous.

Newton's work on pure mathematics was virtually hidden from all but his correspondents until 1704, when he published, with Opticks, a tract on the quadrature of curves (integration) and another on the classification of the cubic curves. His Cambridge lectures, delivered from about 1673 to 1683, were published in 1707.
The Calculus Priority Dispute
Newton had the essence of the methods of fluxions by 1666. The first to become known, privately, to other mathematicians, in 1668, was his method of integration by infinite series. In Paris in 1675 Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz independently evolved the first ideas of his differential calculus, outlined to Newton in 1677. Newton had already described some of his mathematical discoveries to Leibniz, not including his method of fluxions. In 1684 Leibniz published his first paper on calculus; a small group of mathematicians took up his ideas.

In the 1690s Newton's friends proclaimed the priority of Newton's methods of fluxions. Supporters of Leibniz asserted that he had communicated the differential method to Newton, although Leibniz had claimed no such thing. Newtonians then asserted, rightly, that Leibniz had seen papers of Newton's during a London visit in 1676; in reality, Leibniz had taken no notice of material on fluxions. A violent dispute sprang up, part public, part private, extended by Leibniz to attacks on Newton's theory of gravitation and his ideas about God and creation; it was not ended even by Leibniz's death in 1716. The dispute delayed the reception of Newtonian science on the Continent, and dissuaded British mathematicians from sharing the researches of Continental colleagues for a century.
IV  MECHANICS AND GRAVITATION 
According to the well-known story, it was on seeing an apple fall in his orchard at some time during 1665 or 1666 that Newton conceived that the same force governed the motion of the Moon and the apple. He calculated the force needed to hold the Moon in its orbit, as compared with the force pulling an object to the ground. He also calculated the centripetal force needed to hold a stone in a sling, and the relation between the length of a pendulum and the time of its swing. These early explorations were not soon exploited by Newton, though he studied astronomy and the problems of planetary motion.

Correspondence with Hooke (1679-1680) redirected Newton to the problem of the path of a body subjected to a centrally directed force that varies as the inverse square of the distance; he determined it to be an ellipse, so informing Edmond Halley in August 1684. Halley's interest led Newton to demonstrate the relationship afresh, to compose a brief tract on mechanics, and finally to write the Principia.
Book I of the Principia states the foundations of the science of mechanics, developing upon them the mathematics of orbital motion round centres of force. Newton identified gravitation as the fundamental force controlling the motions of the celestial bodies. He never found its cause. To contemporaries who found the idea of attractions across empty space unintelligible, he conceded that they might prove to be caused by the impacts of unseen particles.
Book II inaugurates the theory of fluids: Newton solves problems of fluids in movement and of motion through fluids. From the density of air he calculated the speed of sound waves.
Book III shows the law of gravitation at work in the universe: Newton demonstrates it from the revolutions of the six known planets, including the Earth, and their satellites. However, he could never quite perfect the difficult theory of the Moon's motion. Comets were shown to obey the same law; in later editions, Newton added conjectures on the possibility of their return. He calculated the relative masses of heavenly bodies from their gravitational forces, and the oblateness of Earth and Jupiter, already observed. He explained tidal ebb and flow and the precession of the equinoxes from the forces exerted by the Sun and Moon. All this was done by exact computation.
Newton's work in mechanics was accepted at once in Britain, and universally after half a century. Since then it has been ranked among humanity's greatest achievements in abstract thought. It was extended and perfected by others, notably Pierre Simon de Laplace, without changing its basis and it survived into the late 19th century before it began to show signs of failing. See Quantum Theory; Relativity.
V  ALCHEMY AND CHEMISTRY 
Newton left a mass of manuscripts on the subjects of alchemy and chemistry, then closely related topics. Most of these were extracts from books, bibliographies, dictionaries, and so on, but a few are original. He began intensive experimentation in 1669, continuing till he left Cambridge, seeking to unravel the meaning that he hoped was hidden in alchemical obscurity and mysticism. He sought understanding of the nature and structure of all matter, formed from the "solid, massy, hard, impenetrable, movable particles" that he believed God had created. Most importantly in the "Queries" appended to "Opticks" and in the essay "On the Nature of Acids" (1710), Newton published an incomplete theory of chemical force, concealing his exploration of the alchemists, which became known a century after his death.

VI  HISTORICAL AND CHRONOLOGICAL STUDIES
Newton owned more books on humanistic learning than on mathematics and science; all his life he studied them deeply. His unpublished "classical scholia"—explanatory notes intended for use in a future edition of the Principia—reveal his knowledge of pre-Socratic philosophy; he read the Fathers of the Church even more deeply. Newton sought to reconcile Greek mythology and record with the Bible, considered the prime authority on the early history of mankind. In his work on chronology he undertook to make Jewish and pagan dates compatible, and to fix them absolutely from an astronomical argument about the earliest constellation figures devised by the Greeks. He put the fall of Troy at 904 BC, about 500 years later than other scholars; this was not well received.

VII  RELIGIOUS CONVICTIONS AND PERSONALITY
Newton also wrote on Judaeo-Christian prophecy, whose decipherment was essential, he thought, to the understanding of God. His book on the subject, which was reprinted well into the Victorian Age, represented lifelong study. Its message was that Christianity went astray in the 4th century AD, when the first Council of Nicaea propounded erroneous doctrines of the nature of Christ. The full extent of Newton's unorthodoxy was recognized only in the present century: but although a critic of accepted Trinitarian dogmas and the Council of Nicaea, he possessed a deep religious sense, venerated the Bible and accepted its account of creation. In late editions of his scientific works he expressed a strong sense of God's providential role in nature.

VIII  PUBLICATIONS
Newton published an edition of Geographia generalis by the German geographer Varenius in 1672. His own letters on optics appeared in print from 1672 to 1676. Then he published nothing until the Principia (published in Latin in 1687; revised in 1713 and 1726; and translated into English in 1729). This was followed by Opticks in 1704; a revised edition in Latin appeared in 1706. Posthumously published writings include The Chronology of Ancient Kingdoms Amended (1728), The System of the World (1728), the first draft of Book III of the Principia, and Observations upon the Prophecies of Daniel and the Apocalypse of St John (1733).

Aeroplane

Vijay